Arunachal Pradesh: State Overview

Arunachal Pradesh is the largest of the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by area. Arunachal Pradesh literally means land of dawn-lit mountains. Carved as a full-fledged state in 1987, the evolution and formation of Arunachal is a testimony to the idea of federalism in modern India. Arunachal has a diverse culture, mountainous terrain and scenic beauty. It is an enthralling place and a perfect example of micro-India representing the idea of unity in diversity. With an area of 83,743 sq. km, Arunachal Pradesh is the largest among the north-eastern states of India. Arunachal is sparsely populated, the total population being 13.82 lakh as per the Census 2011. Arunachal is comparatively a new state. Before it got its statehood on 20 February 1987, it was a Union Territory (UT) for 15 years since 1972. The name Arunachal Pradesh was first given then. Prior to that, it was known as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) and was under the direct administration of the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Arunachal is a border state of India in the North East. It shares international borders with - Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and Tibet and China in the north. Only Assam and Nagaland are its entry points to the rest of India. Because of such a strategic location, the state has always been in political and public gaze in the country.

Arunachal Pradesh is India’s remotest state and the first Indian soil to greet the rising sun. Located on the northeastern tip of India with its borders touching Tibet, Bhutan and Burma (Myanmar), this beautiful land is endowed with dazzling array of flora and fauna that is sure to allure any tourist. More than 500 rare species of Orchids are found in the dense jungles of Arunachal Pradesh. The misty hills, sparkling rivers, gurgling waterfalls add charm to the beauty of this incredible land. Arunachal Pradesh finds its mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and the great Hindu Epic Mahabharata. It is believed to be the Prabhu Mountains of the Puranas. According to a Hindu mythological legend, Arunachal Pradesh was the place where sage Parshuram washed away his sin, sage Vyasa meditated, King Bhishmaka founded his kingdom and Lord Krishna married his consort Rukmini. Ruled by many powerful dynasties and kingdoms, Arunachal Pradesh India is dotted with innumerable historical monuments and archeological remains, which bear testimony to its rich cultural heritage.

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Arunachal Pradesh History

The ancient and medieval history of Arunachal remains shrouded in the mist of legends and mythology. Written references to local people in Arunachal first appeared in Ahom Burunjis (chronicles) and later in the Mughal Chronicles during the medieval period. Arunachal is full of hills and forests. Its plain area, which is scanty, was probably under the minimal possession of the Sutiyas and Kalitas of Assam in ancient times. Subsequently, the Ahoms brought the entire plain stretch under their control. This brought them in direct contact with the local tribal communities, and was followed by sporadic raids and plundering by tribals in the foothills and retaliatory measures by the Ahoms in the hills. Finally, the Ahoms decided to contain the tribals in their own hills and conceded to pay posa, a kind of tax, to some tribes for the purpose. The first historical account about the tribesmen of Arunachal could be seen in the writings of a Mughal chronicler, Shihabuddin, in 1662. While mentioning about the Nyishis or Nishis, known as ‘Daflas’ then, the chronicler said, they knew no obedience to the Ahom kings of Assam. He also praised them for their physique. Though his observations were specifically meant for the Nyishis living in and around the Subansiri region, they are equally true of the other tribes of Arunachal as well.

Arunachal Pradesh Administrative Structure

Arunachal Pradesh is the largest among the seven Sister states of northeast India. It consists of 20 Districts, the largest city and capital of Arunachal Pradesh is Itanagar. The governor is the constitutional head of the government of Arunachal Pradesh, who is appointed by the President of India. The real executive power rests with the chief minister and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the government. The head of the bureaucracy of the state is the chief secretary. Under this position, is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Forest Service, and different wings of the state civil services. The judiciary is headed by the chief justice. Arunachal Pradesh is under the jurisdiction of Guwahati High Court. All the branches of the government are located in the Itanagar. The State was known as "NEFA" (North Eastern Frontier Agency) from 1955 to 1972.

Arunachal Pradesh Geographical Structure

Arunachal Pradesh covers an area of 83,743 square kilometers. it is located between 27°04' N and 29.30° N latitude and 91.20° E and 97.30° E longitude. According to the census, Arunachal Pradesh is the thirteenth largest state in India with the total population over 13,82,611.

Structural and physiographical divisions of Arunachal Pradesh:-

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Arunachal Pradesh:-

A sanctuary is a protected an area which is reserved only for animal and make human away to do activities like harvesting of timber, collecting minor forest products and private ownership rights are allowed as long as they do not interfere with the well-being of animals. Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well defined by the government. The largest wildlife Sanctuary is Namdapha National Park which has an approx area of 1,985 km2 square.

Hills and Mountains Ranges of Arunachal Pradesh:-

Arunachal Pradesh APPSC and Job Updates

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Arunachal Pradesh Socio and Cultural heritage

The whole population of Arunachal can be divided into three cultural groups on the basis of their socio- politico religious affinities.There are three kinds of religions practiced here. The Monpas and Sherdukpens in Kameng and Tawang district, who met the Tibetans in the north, adopted Lamaism of the Buddhist faith, while the Khamptis in Lohit district practice Mahayana Buddhism. The second group, Noctes and Wanchos in Tirap district, whose long association with the Assamese in the south, converted them to Hindus.

Arunachal Pradesh State Quiz